Dynamo-electric machine.



c.-J. HEINEMAN & A. `H. HENSLEY.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

A-PPLIUTIOI FILED SEPT. 4, 1909.

` Patented my 5, 1914 4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

L-l IIIIIIIII G..J. HEINEMAN & A. H. HENSLEY.

mnmaov ELECTRIC MACHINE.' APPLIUATION FILED SEPT. 4, 1909.

, Patented May 5, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

C. J. HEINEMAN da A. H; HENSLEY.

ImmmoY ELECTRIC MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 4, 1909.

- 1,095,632, Patented May 5, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3. fw

G. J. HEINEMAN & A. H. HENSLEY.

DYNAMO .ELECTRIC MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 4, 1909.

Patented May 5, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

r a K w ...my @a J/f .a M@ r.

, UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES J'. HEINEMAN AND ARCHIBALD H. HENSLIEY, 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS;SAID HEINEMAN ASSIGNOR TO SAID HENSLEY.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 5, 1914.

To all lzr'wm, 'it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES J. HnINE- MAN and ARCHIBALD IFI. IIENsLuY,citizens of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county ofCook and State of Illinois, have invented a certain new and usefulImprovement in Dynamo-Electric Machines, of which the following is afull, clear, concise, and exact description.

Our invention relates to dynamo electric machines and more particularlyto means for regulating the voltage and current output of generators,and is especially designed to supply current of approximately uniformvoltage from a generator 'driven at variable speeds.

The object of our invention is to provide simple and efficient voltageregulating means that will automatically control the voltage so as tomake the same suitable for the purpose for which the electric output isto he used, as, for example, for charging storage batteries or for otherlike purposes.

Our invention contemplates controlling the magnetic ux in such manner asto cause the same so to vary'with the speed at which the generator isdriven as to produce an approximately uniform voltage and current outputfrom a generator which is driven at variable speeds.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the speed of the armatureshaft controls the operation of a governor which 1n turn controls theeffective magnetic flux from the pole pieces, as for example, preferablyby automatically drawing the armature, mechanically or electrically,endwise from between the pole pieces.

Our invention, while not limited to any particular use. is especiallyapplicable to generators used for charging storage batteries and drivenfrom the axle of a car, as for example, from the axle of an automobile.As embodied-in a machine for performing this special function, ourinvention also comprises several detail features hereinafter describedand claimed.

Our invention may be more readily understood by reference to theaccompanying drawings in which,

Figure 1 is a side elevation showing our invention employed .inconnection with' 'an automobile;-Fig. 2 is an enlarged, detail sideelevation, partly in section, of the generator and the voltageregulating mechanism; Fig. 3 is an enlarged, detail view in sideelevation of the brush carriage and its gulde; Fig. 4 is a sectionalview on the line 4 4, Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a. top plan view of the carriageguide; Fig. 6 is a fragmentary top plan view of the upper portion of theframe of the brush carriage; Fig. 7 is a diagram, 1n front elevation, ofa modified form of the invention; Fig. 8 is an end elevation of thestructure shown in Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is a side elevation of a still furthermodificati on of our invention; Fig. 10 is a sectional view on the line1.0-10 of Fig. 9.; and Fig. 11 is a sectional view on the line 11-11 ofFig. 9.

Similar' letters of reference designate like parts throughout theseveral views.

Referring first to the preferredembodiment of our invention shown inFigs. 1 to G inclusive, the generator 1 is mounted upon the runningboard or other suitable portion of the automobile., and the. hollowshaft 2 of the generator is driven from the flexi ble shaft 3 throughthe medium of the gear wheels 4 and 5. The flexible shaft 3 is itselfdriven from the axle of the ear by means of any suitable system ofgearing, as for example. the end of the shaft 3 carries a-gear 6 whichmeshes with a gear 7 mounted upon the same shaft with a pulley 8. thelatter heilig driven from a. fly wheel 9 through. the medium of a belt10. The shaft 2,4upon which the gear 4 is mounted, is a short hollowshaft provided with a bearing or collar 11, said shaft rotating inbearings 12 in the shell of the generator. The main shaft 123, uponwhich is mounted the armature, passes through the hollow shaft 2 and iscaused to rotate therewithlby key 15, said key 15 fit ting in anelongated keyway 16 in the shaft 1 3, 1n order to permit of the endwisereciprocation of said shaft. In addition to lts bearing in the hollowshaft 2, the shaft 13 is provided with a bearing in the standard 17. Theend of the shaft adjacent the standard 17 is provided with a collar 18which is held against the standard 17 by means of a flange 19-projectingtherefrom, the sha-ft 13 being thus adapted to move end- Wise throughthe collar 18 and bearing 17. Secured to the collar 18 is a iXed sleeve20 of a centrifugal governor, the sliding sleeve 2l of which has alimited longitudinal movement relative-to the shaft 13 determined by thelength of a sliding keyway 22 provided in the shaft 13. The slidingsleeve 21 has secured thereto a disk 23, the 'movement of which is,therefore, controlled by the centrifugal governor.

Mounted upon the shaft 13 between a fixed collar 24 and the commutator25 is a hub 26 from the upper portion of which extends a support 27 forthe carriage 28. Said carriage top is provided at oneend with adownwardly extending flange or lug 29 in position io be engaged by thedisk 23. The other end of the carriage top 28 is provided with forks orprongs 31 and brush carrying arms 30 are pivotally suspended'from saidforks.

The carriage top is provided with an elongated-slot 32 (see Fig. 6)forming a guideway for a movable switch carriage 33, the bed of which isof insulating material. Mounted upon the switch carriage 33 arestandards 34a forming suitable supports for the spring-press yplunger35, the forward end of which is provided with a suitable contact point36 which engages with the fixed contact point 37 mounted upon thecarriage top 28. The plunger-rod 35 is adjusted to open and close at thepro-per time by means of lock nuts 39. Extending downwardly from theunder side of the switch carriage 33 is a lip or flange 34 whichprojects in the path of longitudinal movement of the disk 23, the upperedge of said disk being interposed between the fianges 29 and 34. Theflange 34 is normally thrust outward by means of the coiled spring 35a,as shown in Fig. 2, to close the contacts 36, 37.

When the generator is at rest, and consequently the arms 38 of thegovernor are not subjected to centrifugal force, the coiled spring 36pushes the sliding sleeve 2l away from the fixed sleeve 20, and in sodoing thrusts the armature 14 into the usualposition within theinclosing shell of the generator, the end of the 'shaft 13 thenprojecting to the, position indicated in the dotted lines at the end ofFig. 2. In his case, as shown in Fig. 3, the disk 23 abuts against thecollar 24, said disk 23 also engaging the lug 34 and pushing back thecarriage 33 and thereby separating the contact points 36 and 37, thecoiled spring 35a being at the saine time put under tension. When thecar starts up, the conquent rotation of the armature shaft 13 causes thearms 38 of the, centrifugal governor to fly outward and thus to withdrawthe disk 23 from its position at rest against the collar 24. Suchwithdrawal of the disk 23 permits of the spring .35 forcing forward thecarriage 33 so as to close the circuit controlled'by the contact points36 and 37. It is obvious that the plunger 35 can be so adjusted as toregulate the time of closure of said contact;` points. As shown in Fig.1, the generator lvided at some suitable 1 may be used for charging thestorage batteries 39, and hence the contact points 36 and 37 whichcontrol the circuit from the generator to the storage batteries are insuch case so adjusted as not to close until a voltage 'suitable forcharging said batteries is reached.

As the speed of rotation of the main shaft increases, thus causing thesliding sleeve 21 to approach still closer to the fixed sleeve 20, thedisk 23 engages with the flange 29 thus carrying along the carriage 28and its supporting hub 26. The hub 26 engages the fixed collar 24 of theshaft 13, and in its longitudinal movement carries with it the shaft 13.The armature 14 is thus drawn endwise from between the pole pieces, theextent of such cndwise movement being controlled by the rotary speed ofthe shaft 13. The armature, as its speed of rotation increases, iswithdrawn from between the pole pieces a sufficient distance to soreduce the number of lines of magnetic flux cut by armature conductorsthat an approximately uniform voltage will be produced by the generatorregardless of the speed at which the armature is rotating.

Mounted near the base of the generator is a carriage guide consisting ofside plates 40 and two intermediate strips 41, the latter beingseparated to provide a guideway 42 (see Fig. 5) for a rod 43 whichprojects downwardly from the hub 26. The rod 43, fitting in the guideway42, overcomes any tendency of the hub 26 to rotate by reason of thefriction of the main shaft 13 within said hub. Each of the side plates40 is propoint with a cam face 44.

The lower ends of the brush carrying arms 30 are held by springs 30against the outer edges of said plates 40, and thus maintain saidbrushes in proper relation to the commutator 25. As shown most clearlyin Figs. 3 and 4, the brushes 45 are adjustably mounted in the pivotedarms 30 and project through guideways 46 formed in arms 47 which projectfrom the opposite sides of the hub 26. When the armature 14 has beenWithdrawn as far as is practical, it is, of course,` desirable to breakthe circuit which charges the storagebatteries, or otherwise anincreasein speed of the shaft might raise the voltage higher than is desirable.Hence, the cam faces 44 are located at such points on the guide plates40 as to swing the arms 30 outwardly and thus to withdraw the brushes 45from engagement with the commutator, when the speed of the generatorincreases beyond the limits at which it is de* sirable to utilize theoutput thereof.

The arms 47 are connected at the under side of their outer ends by ayoke 48 through which projects a vertical rod 49. Said rod is providedat its upper end with a brush 50 suitable for lcleaning the commutator25. The brush 50 is normally held out of engagement with the commutatorby the tension of the coil-spring 51 which surrounds 5 the rod 49between the yoke 48 and a sleeve 52 adjustably mountedl on said rod 49.Mounted upon the base of the carriage guide is a cam block 53. The lowerend of the rod 49 is provided with a' roller 54 which is adapted, whenthe armature has been withdrawn a prede.e1mined distance, to ride uponthe inclined surface of the block 53 and thus to press the brush 50 intocontact with the surface of the commutator 25 to clean the same. Theblock 53 may be located at any desired position, but is preferably solocated as to canse the cleansing of the armature at the time thebrushes 45 are withdrawn from contact with the commutator. Figs. 7 and 8show a modified form of our invention for regulating the output ofcurrent from a dynamo 1 driven at variable speeds. The centrifugalgovernor in this modified form is arranged t0 operate a rheostat andthus to control a resistance in series with the exciting field of thedynamo.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 7 and 8, the armature shaft 13a hassecured thereto the fixed sleeve 55 of the centrifugal governor, thesliding sleeve 56 of which carries a collar 57. The collar 57 isprovided with a radially projecting arm 58 which engages with thepivoted rheostat arm 59 and hence oscillates the same back and forth tocut in or cut out a portion of the resistance 54, dependent upon thespeed of the shaft and the consequent operation of the centrifugalgovernor. When the shaft 13a is at rest, the rheostat arm 59 will restupon the idle button 60. The distance traversed by the arm 59 from theidle button 60 to the first one of the series of buttons 61 controllingthe resistance 54 corresponds t0 the speed at which the shaft 13 mustrotate in order that the dynamo may produce a voltage sufficiently highto charge the Stora e batteries' 39. Further acceleration of the speedof the shaft 13a will cause the gov# ernor to move the arm 59 over theseries of buttons 61 and cut resistance into the field circuit,'thusregulating the volta-ge of the charging circuit so as to make the sameapproximately constant whatever may be the s eed of the armature shaft.The charging circuit may be also controlled by the rheostat arm in suchmanner that the circuit is closed only when the voltage is approximatelythat suitable for charging the batteries. As shown diagrammatically inFig. 7, conductor 62 from one side of the storage batteries iselectrically connected to a segmental stripr G3 and the other side ofthe storage battery is connected by a conductor GQ with the rheostat arm59. Said rheostat 6e arm is provided with a spring contactmem ber orbrush G4 adapted to engage with the metallic segment 63 and thus to actas a switch for controlling the closing of the battery charging circuit.

lThe modified form of our invention shown in Figs. 7 and 8 thus alsoprovides mechanically operated means whereby the speed of the shaft actsupon a centrifugal governor and thereby regulates the voltage of thecurrent supplied by the dynamo.

Figs. 9, 10 and 11 show a modified form of our device in which thearmature 14 is drawn, through the action of the solenoid 65, endwisefrom between the pole pieces as the speed of the shaft 13b becomesexcessive. 80 The brush carriage (36 is mounted upon the shaft 13bbetween the fixed colla-1' 67 and the commutator Q5. Projecting from thecarriage 6G and surrounding the shaft 13b is a hollow plunger G8 formingthe 85 core of the solenoid 65. Then the armature is at rest or isrotating at low speed t-he tension of the helical spring 69 issufficient to maintain said armature in its normal position between thepole pieces of the genera .on The windings of the solenoid 65 areconnected in any suitable manner in circuit of the generator and thedegree of energization of said windings is therefore dependent upon thecurrent output of the dynamo. Vhen the speed of rotation of the armaturebecomes so great as to raise the voltage of the generator above thatrequired o-f it` the increased energization of the coil 65 causes theplunger 68 to be dra-wn in, thus also moving the shaft- 13b and thearmature 14 endwise and reducing the voltage of the dyf namo in themanner hereinbefore described with respect to the modification shown inFigs. 1 to 6, inclusive.

The solenoid 65 is .mounted in any suitable manner upon a standard 70which forms a bearing for one end of the shaft 15th. As shown in thedrawings, such solenoid may be held in place by straps or bands 71, 72.

Projecting downward from the under side of the carriage 66 is an arm 73,bifurcatcd at its lower end to form a slot 74 which re- A ceives aguide-rod 75. The guide-rod 75 holds the brush carriage in a suitableposition for maintaining the brushes 45 at proper relation t0 thecommutator Q5. The guide-rod 75 is preferably cam-shaped and extends ina somewhat helical manner from the base of the dynamo toward the bearing70 to which one end of said rod is attached. The cam-shape of theguide-rod 75 causes the brushes 45 to be shifted about the commutator asthe speed of the armature increases thereby reducing the tendency of theformation of an arc at the brushes when the machine is driven abovenormal speed.

The carriage 66 may also have mounted thereon a commutator-cleaningbrush 76 which operates, in a manner similar to the brush 50hereinbefore described, to clean the surface of the commutator. Thebrush 64 is preferably pivoted to a lever 77 pivotally mounted upon thebrush carriage 66, and is normally held by the spring 78 out of contactwith the commutator. The free end, of the lever 77 is beveled and isadapted to engage the oppositely beveled strap 72 when the armature hasbeen withdrawn from between the pole pieces. When the free end of thelever 7 7 rides over the beveled surface of the strap 72, the oppositeend of said lever is depressed and the brush 76 is thrust intoengagement with the surface of the commutator 25.

From the foregoing description it will be noted that our inventionprovides eiiicient and accurate means for controlling the voltage of agenerator which is driven at variable speeds, and adapts the output ofthe generator to be employed in such commercial applications as requirean approximately uniform voltage in the supply of electric current.

IVhile our invention is peculiarly adapted to be employed in connectionwith automobiles or other vehicles or cars, to charge storage batteriesfor lighting or other purposes, it will be readily understood that ourinvention is not limited to any particular use.

Though We have described the preferred embodiment of our invention andother alternative structures, We do not wish to be understood aslimiting ourselves to the specific structures shown, since our inventionis capable of being embodied in still other arrangements andcombinations within the scope of the appended claims.

What we claim is:

1. In a variable speed electric. generator, the Combination withstationary pole pieces, of a rotary armature mounted to reciprocatelongitudinally and thereby adapted to be withdrawn' longitudinally frombetween said pole pieces, means automatically controlled bythe speed ofrotation of said armature for adjusting the longitudinal position ofsaid armature, a commutator and its brushes mounted to reciprocate withsaid armature, and cam mechanism acting on said brushes in the withdrawnposition of said armature to control the position of said brushes withrespect to said commutator.

2. In a variable speed generator, the combination with stationary polepieces, of an armature mounted to reciprocate longitudinally and therebyadapted to be Withdrawn endwise from between said pole pieces, acarriage mounted to reciprocate with said armature, a commutator,collector brushes carried by said carriage, for eollectin'g current fromsaid commutator, and a cam operating when the armature is in its Withdrawn .ment of the armature, a circuit for the electric output of saidmachine, and means likewise controlled'by said governor for controllingthe continuity of said circuit.

4. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination with a generator havinga shaft and `an armature carried thereby arranged t0 be driven atvariable speeds, said shaft being mounted to reciprocate -lengthwise andthereby to draw said armature endwise from be-l tween the pole pieces ofthe machine, of a centrifugal governor mounted upon the armature shaft,said governorl having a fixed sleeve through which said shaftreciprocates and a sliding sleeve having a limited sliding movement withrespect to said shaft, a earriage mounted upon said shaft and arrangedin its movement to reciprocate said shaft, a switch mounted upon saidcarriage, and means operated by the sliding movement of said slidingsleeve to control said switch, said means also operating atpredetermined positions in the movement of said sleeve to reciprocatesaid shaft.

5. In a dynamo electric machine, the combiua tion with a generatorhaving a shaft and an armature carried thereby arranged to be drivenatvariable speeds, said armature being mounted to reciprocate lengthwiseand thereby adapted to be withdrawn endwise from between the pole piecesof the machine, ot' a centrifugal governor mounted upon the armatureshaft, said governor having a fixed sleeve and a sliding sleeve having alimited sliding movement with respect to said shaft, a carriage, asupport for said carriage mounted` to reciprocate with said armature, a.switch mounted upon said carriage, and means operated by the slidingmovement of said sliding sleeve to control the closure of said switch,said means also operating at predetermined positions in the movement ofsaid sleeve to withdraw said armature endwise from between the polepieces of the machine.

6. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination of a stator, a rotor,governing means adaptedto shift said rotor relatively of said stator inan axial direction, a cir-- cuit-breaker controlled by said governingmeans', said overning means beingvadapted to automatlcally actuate saidcircuitbreaker to close the circuit when said rotor is driven at a.certain predetermined speed and to shift said rotor axially with respectto said stator when said predetermined speed is exceeded.

7 1n a dynamo-electric machine, the combination of a stator, a rotor,governing means adapted to shift said rotor relatively to said stator inan axial direction, a circnit-breaker controlled by said governingmeans, said governing, means being adapted to automatically actuate saidcircuit-breaker to close the circuit when said rotor is driven at acertain predetermined speed and to shift said rotor axially with respectto said stator when said predetermined speed is exceeded, and meansacting between said rotor and stator for resisting said relative axialmovement and coaeting with said governing means to maintain asubstantially constant voltage between certain minimum and maximumspeeds of the rotor.

In witness whereof, we hereunto subscribe our names this first day ofSeptember, A. D.

